Racial Inequality in the US

Racial Inequality in the US Inequality Essay Racial inequality among blacks have long been a blatant circumstance of the American experience. Such circumstances range of from the horrible realities of African enslavement in the 1700s to the restrictions on human rights such asand unfair practices such as literacy tests before being permitted to housing and voting in the 1950s. Fast forward to modern day, and the progress that blacks have initiated in America is evident through legislation like the Voting Rights and Civil Rights Act. Both are pieces of legislation which stemmed from the Civil Rights Movement. Despite the advancement, the repercussions of such mistreatment of blacks by whites are still in effect today. The issue of â€Å"internalized racism† comes in part from the pressure of a majority white society and economy wanting blacks to be a â€Å"model minority,† while in fact the institution of a majority white society are the ones in â€Å"denial† of the ongoing problems that make blacks feel th ey should not be the â€Å"model.† All the terms have socioeconomic complexes pertaining to the inequality of backs in America. Each term will be defined in context of the paper as well as analyzed and interconnected with each other term through factual justification attained from a socioeconomic and historical basis. The term internalized racism refers to the negative, condescending racial viewpoints that blacks have towards other blacks. Viewpoints such as seeing your own race as lesser than another race, not wanting to be of your own race, and wishing other people in your race were not associated with you are all forms of internalized racism. For hundreds of years, blacks were told that they were not equal to their white counterparts. They were told that having â€Å"dark skin was a mutation, and were made lower in society† (Smedley 59). These observations, as we know today, are completely absurd. However, such remarks were made and carried on for so long, and even acted on by white authority during periods of slavery where â€Å"lighter skinned Africans did not have to engage in harsher labor tasks as darker skinned Africans†(Colorism 1). Plus, majorities of American Congress agreed to the inequality of blacks with Jim Crow Laws and voting laws. Therefore, it is reasonable to see the internalized racism of blacks in previous generations where they would believe that they are not equal to whites or that their darker skin is a mistake. Furthermore, such ideologies from white society carried on in post-slavery eras such as the Industrial Revolution where blacks with lighter skin were more acceptable in society. Therefore, within black communities having fairer skin was seen as a positive physical attribute rather than having darker skin. This colorism among blacks was another form of internalized racism. Also, due to white supremacy, the â€Å"black† way of speaking which was primarily through ebonics was seen as uneducated. Therefore, in many Black communities internalized racism would arise when one spoke â€Å"white† because other members of the community would frown upon that and assume you were trying to be â€Å"white.† Moreover, speaking â€Å"properly† refers to a way of speaking that does not comprise of ebonics or any other cultural dialect of English that does not derive form white colonialism. By doing this, whites would view blacks who spoke in such a matter as educated and reformed. With the notion of white supremacy which favors â€Å"whiteness† over â€Å"blackness,† the dialect more associated with whites would be what was deemed more acceptable and appropriate. Such viewpoints from model minority still have profound impact. I can recall my sister being teased by other blacks in middle school because she supposedly â€Å"talked white.† One of the black girls even went as far as to say, â€Å"you think you’re better than us?† With such a statement, it is apparent to see the internalized racism at work. Just because my sister spoke in a way in which was deemed by white society as â€Å"educated† and â€Å"pure,† other black girls actua lly believed that and saw that my sister’s â€Å"white† way of speaking was automatically better than their dialect even though my sister never made any statement or action of superiority over them. Furthermore, my sister’s way of speaking would be seen by whites as appropriate or the â€Å"model† way in which to speak. However, my sister was not trying to be something she was not. That was just the way she spoke. My sister has her own beliefs, culture, and influences that have all affected her dialect from birth. However, with white society forming an acceptable â€Å"norm† in which to speak; there is some vulnerability for instances internalized racism among blacks and other non-whites. The socioeconomic implications from the experiences my sister has had as well as other African-Americans are evident as well. According to a poll conducted by Monster.com, one of the leading employment websites; it was concluded that employers are more likely to hire someone who has a similar dialect to themselves. Furthermore, with most employers being Caucasian, it is advantageous for African-Americans to develop a dialect that may not be natural to them. In my sister’s case it was natural since she is a first-generation American, therefore, her dialect can be easily derive from her life experiences. However, this can really be an issue to many African-Americans in the workforce because they feel they have to behave not authentically in order to just have a chance of being hired and contributing to the economy. In stating this, one could conclude why this could be one of the reasons why the highest rates of American unemployment are among African-Americans. This is crucial b ecause that leaves a substantial vacancy for African-Americans in the workforce. Who knows the economic gains that could be derived if Americans tapped in to the potential human capital of all people rather than those they could most identify with? There has been legislation passed that makes some corporations meet a â€Å"quota† for minority employees, however, I believe corporations should really seek out to racially broaden their workforce rather than just meet a quota because you are forced to. Diversity promotes different perspectives, experiences, and knowledge that could all be beneficial to help a company grow. This is a circumstance that I believe more corporations should seriously look into. The term model minority refers to the â€Å"proper† manner in which white society believes blacks should behave. Factors such as dialect, culture, and behavior are all effected under the model minority. The â€Å"proper† manner that white society believes blacks should engage in terms of this paper is a manner in which they â€Å"keep to themselves, don’t initiate any political change for the betterment of their race, speak without the use of ebonics, etc† (Model Minority). Basically the culture that derived from white colonialism is the culture white society wants blacks to take on. In addition, by white society wanting blacks to also keep to themselves and not try to initiate any political change; the notion of white supremacy will stay intact without their power being compromised. The term denial is a more refers to the ignorance of racial mistreatment that whites have towards blacks that the whites themselves fail to see. The inequality among blacks by whites has made substantial progress in modern-day from where it was even 50 years ago. Inequality based on race is illegal in nearly every facet of American life which allows blacks in America to succeed in ways unheard of in previous generations through affirmative action regulations set for universities, reformed voting laws, and more. However, despite the progression blacks have fought for, there is still a lot of inequality. The amount of blacks in prisons far â€Å"outnumber the number of whites although whites commit more crimes† (Weiser). Moreover, â€Å"blacks are the highest race targeted† with the Stop and Frisk laws placed in New York (Weiser). However, even with many racial inequalities that whites perform towards blacks; many whites believe that racism and prejudice is not alive, and that the lives of black people are just as equal and fair as whites when that is not true as evident through the preceding issues addressed. The issue of denial can be predi cted for the following reasons: Since whites do not have to conform to the â€Å"model minority,† they don’t realize the struggle that many blacks go through with having to abandon who they really are as people in order to adopt model minority principles to be more accepted in society which could lead to their own personal, economic growth. Therefore, with blacks trying to be more accepted and play a part in a majority white economy, they have to deal with internalized racism stemming from condescendence among some blacks for abandoning their culture in order to â€Å"fit in.† Furthermore, since many whites are not really aware of this, it is easy to deny issues that many blacks face especially within their own cultural circles. The socioeconomic impact of trying to be a â€Å"model minority† is prevalent among blacks as well. There is a renowned opportunity cost at stake when it comes to this issue. Should a black person act like â€Å"society† wants them to act in order to have a better shot at employment and advancement within the workforce, therefore forfeiting their cultural integrity to get ahead? Or should a black person stay true to themselves, and be looked at as â€Å"different,† therefore diminishing their opportunities for employment and career advancement? It’s a tough decision to make, and many blacks and minorities find themselves in a space where they have to balance the two worlds. Furthermore, having to work to find this â€Å"balance† takes away from the time that blacks could be using to be more efficient contributors of the economy. It brings an additional, psychological workload on top of what they already have to deal with in their respective economic situations. Racial inequality among Blacks and Whites have long been a critical part of the American experience. The depiction of the model minority is a motivating factor behind some internalized racism within black communities and groups. Therefore, it can be easy for a white or non-white person who is not associated with any such group to deny some of the issues at hand. Furthermore, with the advancement of civil rights and privileges of modern-day that are somewhat due to blacks going against the model minority during the Civil Rights Movement; whites may believe that the fight for equality is over, and that blacks and whites are in fair, equal society. As we know by now, that is not the case, but with discussions such as the ones brought up in this paper even more progression can be made with race relations and inequalities in American society.

Working Adolescents

Whether an adolescent should be working during their high school years or not, one cannot be absolute with hiss answer.   These question can be best answered when one looks at its advantages and disadvantages, their workplace, nature of the job and number of hours should also   be considered.I do believe there is a place for it provided that the workplace is owned by the family.   Exposing an adolescent to the nature of their own business, which in the later he has no choice but to be part of it, is of great advantage.   This is considering that in the early age he will be learning the mechanics, and system of the business which will prepare him for the future.Though the problem would be, being a family member the tendency to over familiarity is unavoidable, and the person can be a subject to exploitation in terms of time, and may also be to mental harassment, through insults and words of impatience, just like in the outside workplace when   in the midst, crisis will arise employers tend to hurl insults.   Tendency to abuses is really existing elsewhere!Inevitably the high school years are crucial to the social and emotional development of both boys and girls.   Although there are benefits one can earn when working while adolescent, such that it provides lessons about responsibility, punctuality, to some degree independence, interacting with the public, and the list goes on, and for sure finances. (Moskowitz, 2000).However, Fineran (2002) reported that a study was conducted and results described adolescents experiencing with sexual harassment while working part time and attending high school.   In a sample of 712 high school students, 25% of the 372 students while working part-time report experiencing sexual harassment.And effects of sexual harassment during a first job showed may also negatively affect a child's self-esteem, and self confidence, anger, irritability, social isolation helplessness and anxiety, depression, tension, and nervousness (Fitgerald,1933), Gutek and Koss(1993) proposed a posttraumatic stress disorder model for understanding the mental health consequences of sexual harassment.(Moskowitz, 2000) also added that it would also affect the adolescent's identity formation in addition to placing him or her in physical danger of assault and trauma.   Results revealed that there are difference in the experience of sexual harassment by gender, work relation, and emotional reaction.Fineran (2002) furthermore reported that girls are significantly more upset and threatened by the sexual harassment they experienced at work than boys.The same report mentioned that mental harassment also occurs when they are insulted by their supervisors, coworkers and customers.   Looking to these, both are detrimental to the development of adolescence to adulthood.   A negative impact has somehow embedded in them.In an article entitled Adolescent in the Workplace, stated that indeed working has been shown to be associated wit h both positive and negative consequences for adolescents. Working may increase responsibility, self-esteem, and independence and may help children and adolescents learn valuable work skills.Employment that is limited in intensity (usually defined as 20 hours or less per week) during high school years has been found to promote postsecondary educational attainment. Many studies show positive links between working during high school and subsequent vocational outcomes, including less unemployment, a longer duration of employment after completing schooling, and higher earnings.However, high-intensity work (usually defined as more than 20 hours per week) is associated with unhealthy and problem behaviors, including substance abuse and minor deviance, insufficient sleep and exercise, and limited time spent with families.Furthermore, children and adolescents may be exposed to many work-related hazards that can result in injury, illness, or death. Their inexperience, as well as physical, co gnitive, and emotional developmental characteristics, may also play a part in the risk of injury faced by young workers.Injury may also result from a physical mismatch between the size of the child or adolescent and the task: for example, machinery that was designed for adult males may be too large or heavy for children or adolescents to handle safely.According to NIOSH the most common types of injuries and illness are sprains and strains, cuts and lacerations, contusions and abrasions, heat burns, and fractures and dislocations.   R. Belville, S. H. Pollack, J. H. Godbold and P. J.Landrigan concluded that occupational injuries are substantial and under recognized contributor to the continuing epidemic of injury among adolescent.Besides Rosalie Bakken in her article entitles Ups and Downs mentioned that although it is widely believed that having a job builds character in young people, it can also provide opportunities for youth to learn specific job skills, save money for college, develop trusting and healthy relationships with non-family adults, and experience feelings of reward and intellectual stimulation.But the same studies showed that employment does not necessarily lead to healthy social or moral development. This is especially true when a young person's very first experience in the work force involves stress, long hours, and menial tasks.Most jobs held by youth do not provide many opportunities for youth to think creatively or to solve challenging problems or make independent decisions. In addition, research has shown that earning an independent income does not mean that youth are learning to use their money wisely. In fact, their personal income may provide working adolescents with greater opportunities to purchase alcohol, drugs or cigarettes.Rosalie Bakken also cited that a notable characteristic of working adolescents is that they move in and out of the labor market, changing jobs and work schedules frequently, in response to changes in employers ' needs, labor market conditions, and circumstances in their own lives.This to some degree makes them very unstable and unstructured, leading to very unorganized life, without routines in schedule and activities.   Looking for another job, to cope with loses financially, has added to the tensions and pressures in schools and even in this area of his life -working as adolescent.Considering that an adolescent needs to do good in his studies and at the same time be working for several hours, in addition to his load in school means a lot of pressure to an adolescent.And may therefore distract him from his studies and his focus will be divided, which is to the advantage both to him, and the teacher who will be relating with him in all his academic requirements. In fact it was also shown that a high level of work during adolescence has been found to be associated with decreased eventual educational attainment.Although on sessions where the teachers discuss on social awareness, the teach er may enjoy interacting with him, considering his exposure in the workplace.For the parents, the fact that they are relieve in some sense in supporting to their adolescence, their sense of dignity as a provider also diminishes, and since the child spends time outside in school added with the time in work lessen their time together.   This is of very great disadvantage, the fact that the child should be learning and be influenced a lot from their parents at this age, instead they got it from the workplace.However, in the midst of working institutions so much abuses and harassment are going on, which I would say not an advantage for an adolescent to work.If working is the only solution that an adolescent can enter and sustain his way to high school, then I believe he should.   Though it really means a lot of difficulties.   When he dares to, as much as possible things should be defined and determine carefully.The determining factors are the type of job an adolescent takes, and the number of hours worked. The job should be meaningful to the teen in some genuine way, and it should not interfere with time needed for schoolwork or family interaction. Teenagers' needs for adequate nutrition, exercise and rest should not be compromised by a job. (Bakken, 2001)Teens should look for a job that will be challenging, interesting, and that will provide them with opportunities to use the skills they have and learn new ones. The job atmosphere should be supervised by an adult and should allow the adolescent to come into frequent contact with healthy adult role models. (Mortimer et al, 1996)Finally, working adolescents should not also relate with their parents their work experiences, allow the to monitor any changes in their grades, attitudes, or behaviors.BIBLIOGRAPHYBakken, Rebecca, Ph.D. 2001. Adolescents at Work. From the   Ups and Downs of Adolescents: A Newsletter about and for Young People, Parents and Concerned Adults.http://www.ianr.unl.edu/ianr/fcs/upsdowns/ upsaug01.htm

All About English School Bullet Point Essay Samples

All About English School Bullet Point Essay Samples English School Bullet Point Essay Samples - Dead or Alive? Pencil in all the principal points you will need to include. Bullet points are extremely much like notes, which usually means you wish to steer clear of complete sentences or long explanations. They may be simpler, but it is first and foremost an essay. It's a very simple matter of adding an attribute to modify the character of your bullets. Track down the bullet character you wish to insert. If you wish to stand out, show academic strength, and get the greatest marks then you have to break free from the chains of PEE! It is going to automatically demonstrate the bullet at the start. It's possible to click Add More to add as many as five bullet points. Nested bullet points are from time to time important once you want to make table of content in which you will need to create a cascading list topics and subtopics. Don't be concerned about the bullets. Bulleted lists are less difficult to read when each item follows the exact same pattern. In some instances, but the style guide for a particular publication may call for each item except the previous one in each bulleted list to be terminated with a semicolon, and the previous item with a complete stop. There are a few different varieties of lists too take a look below. You can nest different varieties of lists into each other should you want, just make sure you close them correctly. You may enter 30 characters in the box that should be sufficient for nearly all of the uses to which this is inclined to be put. In case the bullet symbol you need to insert isn't on the palette, click More Symbols. The bullet journal system uses symbols known as signifiers to provide your entries additional content. Give a concise background on both, to provide context for the major body. The Hidden Secret of English School Bullet Point Essay Samples A writer utilizes a specific point of view to tell a specific type of story. If you choose to ask a writing buddy for help, to say a relative or a friend, you are extremely very likely to receive a positive answer. Also, selecting the best topic is vital. If you realize that you are wanting to format it this way, it probably means you need to write it like a sentence rather than a list. To begin with, you need benefits to get in touch with people's emotions, then add features for substance, lastly utilize curiosity as a last nudge. These days, an individual can find everything on the web. As human beings, all of us have a desire to discover more. Some folks would normally neglect to bring that at the close of the process essay. It supplies a platform of learning and decreases the probability of plagiarism as soon as they start working on the essays by themselves. Additionally, there are essays that will need to be short and precise. There are, in addition, some grammatical mistakes. English topics aren't simple to produce. To begin with, it's important to spell out why it can be difficult to begin admission process with an essay. Instead, you wish to analyze the essay and make certain your claim is supported. You don't understand what the essay is about depending on the title, and you may appreciate the title only after reading the essay. When you're writing an English essay, you have zero chance to verify your paper by another individual. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on English School Bullet Point Essay Samples The fantastic things about samples is they are available online and you need to cover them. Contemplating the requirements of the end user may get secondary once the fix appears straightforward. There can be occasions when you wish to insert a bullet in the center of a sentence or a line of text. You could have a job which you like and are good at and if luck is with you, getting paid for handsomely.

The Computer Crime Act of Sri Lanka - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2004 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? COMPUTER CRIME ACT OF SRI LANKA. Introduction to Computer Crime Act. Among the various types of crimes, Computer crime is a generic term which used to identify all crimes and frauds that are connected with or related to computers and information technology. Components of computer crimes could be divided into 3 categories as follows: 1. Computer related crimes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" use computers as tools for criminal activities 2. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Computer Crime Act of Sri Lanka" essay for you Create order Hacking offences à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" affect integrity, confidentiality of a computer system or network 3. Content related cybercrimes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" to distribute illegal dataà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s computers are used together with internet resources In order to punish the criminals and reduce this type of crimes, this act was enacted by parliament and certified by the speaker as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Computer Crimes Act No. 24 of 2007. This legislation is the result of numerous contributions from sources such as the CINTEC law committee, a sub-committee of law commission and the ministry of justice. This act helps to assure the trustworthiness of the technology and help the users to operate it in a better environment than before. The brief explanation about sections of Computer crime act. The Section 2 of the Sri Lankan Computer Crimes Act mention that securing unauthorized access to a computer is an offence either within the country or outside of the country. Coming 3, 4 5 sections are enhances versions of unauthorized access which include criminalized unauthorized access with the intention of committing another offence and any persons causes a computer to perform a function which may results in an unauthorized modification and damage to computer or system or program. The charge of this offence is a fine not exceeding two hundred thousand rupees or imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years or both such fine and imprisonment. In section 6, due to any action that related to computer is affected any national security, national economy and public order is an offence. The charge of this offence is imprisonment not exceeding five years. 7th section illustrates about data and information. Any person obtain any information without lawfully is an offence. Getting information includes buying, receiving, downloading, uploading, selling. Section 8 mention regarding the interception of information or traffic data or any communication, to, from or within a computer and any electromagnetic emissions relating things. section 9, explain about to deals with the offence of using (produce, sell, procures for use, imports, exports, distributes etc.,) of illegal devices Section 10 mention that any person entrusted with information provided through a computer, discloses same without express authority. Under sections 7, 8, 9 and 10 offences court fine not less than one hundred thousand rupees and not exceeding three hundred thousand rupees and sometime imprisonment between six months and three years, or to both Section 11 mention any person, who attempts or cause an offence to be committed under sections 3 upto 14 of this act, shall be guilty and on conviction is liable to one and half of the or both. Section 12 refers to an abetment of an offence. (a) If the offence is due to the abetment, be liable to the same punishment and (b) if the offence is not committed due to the abetment, be liable to one fo urth of the fine or imprisonment or to both. Section 13 mention any person who conspires to commit an offence shall be liable to be punished with the punishment prescribed for abetting to commit an offence. Section 14, where the committed offence is proved, the court shall order to compensate the victim along with the punishment enclosed and if any monetary gain being accrued illegally, it should be paid back to the state/government. Section 15 offences under this act to be investigated and section 16 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" offence under the act to be cognizable offence under the provisions of the Code of Criminal procedure Act no.15 of 1979 Section 17, if a team of experts needed for the investigation of an offence, it can be appointed in consultation with the ministers of technology and justice. This section explains the qualifications and activities of the above team. Section 18 explains of the investigation and arrest the criminal under warrant and decides the extent of the ministerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s involvement in this regard. Section 19 mention the facts that are in an unprotected computer, required for future investigation, can be safe-guarded through the owner within a weekà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s time. If required the period of 7 days can be extended upto 90 days through a judge. 2. In a country law is the system of rules and regulations which helps keep orders through controlling the behavior of the citizens. To do this task law spans to various sectors. Following are the some important laws used to do this task. Administrative law à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" contain rule making, enforcement, adjudication which made by government for its offices. Civil law à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" deals with the codified laws. Deals with the disputes among individuals who are not criminals in nature. Commercial law à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" deals with the contract between commodity manufacturers, distributers and consumers. Property law, bankruptcy law, credit car d laws Constitutional law à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" basis of all laws. Defines the fundamental rights and duties of all citizens and the government. Construction law à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" deals with the standards set by the government and state government for any kind of construction Corporate law à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" deals with separate legal personality, transferred shares, power of board of directors and also with the subjects like contracts, matters dealing with intellectual property rights of corporation Family law à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" deals with family affairs includes marriage, adoption, divorce, alimony, property distribution, domestic violence, surrogacy etc Human right law à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" protect every individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fundamental and basic rights Intellectual property law à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" deals with the intangible matters like copyrights, brand names etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Labor law à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" rights of labors, enforcement of standards are con sidered under this category IT Law hav to give some more explanation 3. Information and Communication Technology Act No.27 of 2003 Intellectual Property Act No. 36 of 2003 (Sections related to Copyright) Electronic Transactions Act No. 19 of 2006 Computer Crimes Act No. 24 of 2007 Payment And Settlement Systems Act, No. 28 of 2005 Payment Devices Frauds Act No.30 of 2006 Visit e-Laws Project page of ICTA web site Mobile Payment Guidelines 13_mobile_payment_2011_1e Mobile Payment Guidelines 14_mobile_payment_2011_2e Electronic Payments to Government Institutions PF447E Electronic Payments by Government Institutions 02_2013E Use of Electronic Documents and Electronic Communication for Official Use à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Circular Case law relating to IT Sri Lankan case law In Benwell Vs Republic of Sri Lanka (1978-79) 2. SLR 194 court of appeal held that computer evidence (computer products) are not admissible to the case according to section 31 of the evidence ordinance. Soft Systems (Pvt) Ltd Vs Visual Tech Microsystems (Pvt) Ltd (Hc/Civil/08/2001(3)). Case Commercial High Court in Sri Lanka held that computer software are fully covered by the intellectual Property Act. Therefore, court issued an enjoining order against Defendant Company to prevent infringement of software rights of Plaintiff Company. According to, Seven Seas Computer Lanka (Pvt) Ltd Vs Q Soft (Pvt) Ltd and 22 others (Hc/civil/18/2001(3)). The Commercial High Court held that the computer software are protected by the Copy Right Law and also fully covered by provisions of intellectual Property Act. Therefore Court issued an enjoining order against Defendant Company. Foreign case law Westgarth Vs Jeson (2002) EWC A Crime 683. In this case accused obtained obscene pictures from the internet. The Court convicted accused due to commit computer crimes. R Vs Wood (1982) 76 Criminal Appeal Reports 39. In this case, Court of Appeal held that analysis sheet for chemicals which was obtained by Computer is relevancy under the common law and the print out is not hearsay evidence. In a recent judgment, Court of Justice of European Union has stated that a person has right to instruct the internet search engines like Google to keep certain personal information of individuals as secret. The Hon. Court stated that to view all the details available on internet, may be dangerous may a times, therefore, a person has the right to instruct the search engines to keep certain personal information as secret, and not accessible. This ruling provides a level of protection against invasion of privacy. Case law U.S. Courts U.S. Supreme Court(PDFs of U.S. Reports 1991, slip ops 2008) Browse documents by Terms or search à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“All Documents or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Docket Files.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  U.S. Courts of Appeals(links to court websites, coverage varies) U.S. District Courts(links to court websites, coverage varies) Findlaw (Cases Codes Select Court) U.S. Supreme Court(1893) Search by citation, party name, or full-text Browse cases by year (2005) May use Boolean and proximity operators, and wildcards U.S. Courts of Appeals(1995, First Circuit 2/1984-, Ninth Circuit 11/1994) Search full text, by party name, or docket number Browse recent decisions Drawbacks and Solutions. Computer crimes in internet canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be limited to one country or one region. We have to work together to combat computer crimes. Adopting latest technologies will heavily contribute to the economic advancement. But a major problem is the computer crimes in internet. Sri Lanka formulated new laws for combating computer crimes in internet. Although these laws need to be aligned with international standards. Nowadays most of the countries work together through computer crime convention to strengthen and harmonize legislation on these crimes. We hope that Sri Lanka too will be a partner of this international convention in the nearly future. It is important for countries to know, how to enhance capabilities on cooperation among countries to mitigate computer crimes in internet. We need to educate investigators, prosecutors and judges on computer crimes in internet. Sri Lanka has enacted laws on this area. We need to have a comprehensiv e legal framework to detecting computer crimes. Countries need to have agreements for legal assistance for computer crimes. The investigation of computer crimes in internet is difficult without the assistance of internet service providers. It is necessary to Sri Lanka is in a position to co-operate internationally in an efficient manner. The convention on computer crimes of the council of Europe provides a framework for international cooperation that may also be a benefit to Sri Lanka. Develop and implement legislative or other measures to ensure to Sri Lanka meets the adequacy levels required by the EU Directive on Data Protection promote institutional development for data protection and private issues. This would help to ensure to Sri Lanka complies with required legal standards for the development of the IT Enabled Services sector and the BPO sector. 4. Conclusion The fundamental issue in most computer crime in internet is the criminal lack of respect for the propert y and privacy of other people. I hope this society will recognize the seriousness of the computer crime in internet demand more severe punishment for such criminals. The societies depend on computer networks, the evolution of technology, the reality of law enforcement and the evolution of the existing computer crime underline the necessity of specialised computer crime units. Special computer crime units will not be able to handle all offences against or by means of computer systems or the analysis of electronic devices related to any crime on their own. Human mind is impossible to understand. So, that is not possible to eliminate computer crime from cyber space. That is quite possible to check them. History is the witness that no legislation has succeeded in totally eliminating crime from the global. The one and only possible step is to make people aware of their rights duties making the application of the laws more severe to check crime. Further I do not refuse that there is a need to bring changes in the Information Technology Act to make it more effective to combat computer crime. Computer crime by nature is multi-jurisdictional not confined to a country those Governments canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t enforce it in isolation. The transnational nature of computer crime activities, as well as concerns to avoid the proliferation of jurisdictional havens, has driven harmonisation initiatives within a number of international fora, including the Council of Europe, the British Commonwealth the European Union. Sri Lanka is fully supportive of the approach taken by the Council of Europe is positively looking at options to accede to the convention. Preliminary steps have already been initiated by the Government in this connection.